Solution
The crash (and likely the hang) when building an EXE or a PPL on a Japanese / Korean Windows OS is caused by having a Windows username with non-English characters.
There is a cache that EXE and PPL builds use that is normally created in the LabVIEW Data directory which by default is in the user's Documents folder, and there is an issue with opening the cache if its path on disk has non-English characters.
Recommended workaround for this issue is to add the following to the LabVIEW INI file:
AppBuilderCacheRoot="<path>"Here <path> can be any directory whose full path only has English characters, but I suggest setting the token as follows:
AppBuilderCacheRoot="C:\ProgramData\National Instruments\AppBuilderCache"