Solution
The compression property is not supported when using the built-in logging functionality with most NI-DAQmx hardware.
There are a few DSA devices that support hardware data compression to pack 24-bit samples together (rather than the default of sign-extending to 4 bytes each). This is supported by the built-in TDMS logging due to the fact that some devices can acquire at very high sample rates, and it is required to acquire all the samples.