Solution
First of all, you can choose the destination directory of NI Software and NI LabVIEW (using a different drive) during the installation process.
You can customize some path settings in LabVIEW under
Tools > Options > Paths. However, some files will still be installed on your primary drive. LabVIEW has to store some files on the primary drive for things like licensing, user settings, etc.
Moving
C:\Users\All Users\National Instruments\ resp.
C:\ProgramData\National Instruments\ to the second drive can cause problems in the future as other NI software is using these files as well. This action is not a supported solution.