Solution
The XNET Compatibility Layer (XCL) is not supported on cards that utilize transceiver cables before NI-XNET 17.0.1. This includes PXIe-8510, PCIe-8510, and NI 9860 devices.
Adding these pieces of hardware into an application that utilized the XCL will cause unexpected behavior in Measurement & Automation Explorer, including MAX errors and crash behavior if NI-XNET 16.1 or prior version is installed.