Solution
Yes, according to page 3-3 of the
651x manual , you need to provide a +5V - +30V power supply to the card in order to use the 5 volt lines, or perform digital outputs.
"The output lines on the NI 6515 consist of photocouplers and Darlington
arrays. To connect to these signals, connect a 5 V to 30 V power supply to
COM, connect GND to ground, and cross a load between digital output
and COM."
Schematic drawings on how to provide this external power supply can be found below (sourced from page 4-6 of user manual).
Note: The schematic diagrams for each 651x card differs slightly. Refer to the User Manual to see the exact connections for your device.