Solution
Yes. The NI 651x series does not internally generate the voltage used to drive digital outputs. To operate the DO lines or use the +5 V pins, you must provide an external power supply between +5 V and +30 V. According to page 3-3 of the NI 651x User Manual :
"The output lines on the NI 6515 consist of photocouplers and Darlington arrays. To connect to these signals, connect a 5 V to 30 V power supply to COM, connect GND to ground, and cross a load between digital output and COM."
Schematic drawings showing proper wiring for external power supplies can be found in the NI 651x User Manual (typically on page 4‑6).
Note: The schematic diagrams for each 651x card differs slightly. Refer to the User Manual to see the exact connections for your device.